Monday, September 7, 2009

PINEAPPLE: "The Stomach's Friend"

pineapple Pictures, Images and Photos

History tells that in 1493 the inhabitants of the Antillean island of Guadeloupe offered Christopher Columbus a pineapple, which he took to be a variety of artichoke. He brought it back to Spain, from where it spread to the tropical areas of Asia and Africa. It was first cultivated in Hawaii in the 19th century, which is now one of the primary world producers.



PROPERTIES AND INDICATIONS: Unlike the banana, the pineapple only ripens on the plant. Its content of sugars and active ingredients doubles during its final weeks of ripening. This is why prematurely harvested fruit is acid-tasting and lacks nutritional components. It is best to eat pineapple that has been properly ripened on the plant.



Pineapple that has been properly matured contains approximately 11% carbohydrates, most of which are sugars. Their fat and protein contents are negligible.



The prevalent vitamins in pineapple are C, B1, and B6. It is also a good source of folates. Among the minerals it contains are manganese (1.65 mg/100 g), followed by copper, potassium, magnesium, and iron.



PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION:



Fiber : 1.20%

Minerals : 0.290%

Carbohydrate : 11.2%

Fat : 0.430%

Protein : 0.390%

water : 86.5%



Scientific synonym: Ananas sativus Schult.



Synonyms: Cayenne pineapple, Nana, Ananas; French: Ananas; Spanish: Ananas, pina [tropical], pina americana; German: Ananas.



Description: Compound fruit (formed by the union of the fruits of various blossoms around a central fleshy core) of the pineapple plant ('Ananas comosus' Merr.), a herbaceous plant of the botanical family Bromeliaceae that reaches a height of 50 cm.



Habitat: Pineapples are cultivated in tropical regions in America, Asia, and Oceania, Hawaii, Thailand, and Brazil are the main producing regions.



PINEAPPLE Composition



per 100 g of raw edible portion

% Daily Value (based on a 2,000 calorie diet) provided by 100 g of this food



Energy : 49.0 kcal = 207 kj : 2%

Protein : 0.390 g : 1%

Carbohydrates : 11.2 g : 4%

Fiber : 1.20 g : 5%

Vitamin A : 2.00 ug RE

Vitamin B1 : 0.092 mg : 6%

Vitamin B2 : 0.036 mg : 2%

Niacin : 0.503 mg NE : 3%

Vitamin B6 : 0.087 mg : 4%

Folate : 10.6 ug : 5%

Vitamin B12 : -

Vitamin C : 15.4 mg : 25%

Vitamin E : 0.100 mg TE : 1%

Calcium : 7.00 mg : 1%

Phosphorus : 7.00 mg : 1%

Magnesium : 14.0 mg : 4%

Iron : 0.370 mg : 4%

Potassium : 113 mg : 6%

Zinc : 0.080 mg : 1%

Total Fat : 0.430 g : 1%

Saturated Fat : 0.032 g

Cholesterol : -

Sodium : 1.00 mg



Preparation and Use



1. Natural: Pineapple is an ideal dessert, improving digestion. It also is an excellent aperitif, preparing the stomach for a meal.



2. Juice: Pineapple juice must be drunk slowly because of its acidity.



3. Canned: Canned pineapple retains most of its vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, it is poor in the enzyme bromelin, which is easily degraded. As a result, canned pineapple has little effect as a digestive aid.



The pineapple's non-nutritive components are of utmost importance from a dietary and therapeutic standpoint:



Citric and malic acids: These are responsible for the pineapple's acidic taste. As is the case with citrus fruits, they potentiate the action of vitamin C. In spite of its richness in acids, the pineapple acts as an alkalizer from a metabolic standpoint, in other words as an antacid, as occurs with the lemon and other citrus fruits.



BROMELIN (also known as bromelain): This is a protein-digesting enzyme capable of "breaking down" proteins and releasing the amino acids that form them. Because of this, pineapple bromelin has long been used in the food industry as a meat tenderizer.



Bromelin acts in the digestive tract by breaking down proteins and facilitating digestion in much the same way as the stomach's own pepsin.



The pineapple is a succulent, delicious fruit rich in certain vitamins and minerals. Many consider it a wonderful dessert as an aid to the digestion of other foods. Others prefer to eat it as an aperitif, eating it before a meal, particularly when the stomach is somehow weakened. Its consumption is specifically indicated for the following conditions:





  • Hypochlorhydria (scanty gastric juice), which is manifested by slow digestion and a sense of heaviness in the stomach.


  • Gastric ptosis (prolapsed stomach) caused by the stomach's inability to empty itself (gastric atonia).

In both cases pineapple must be eaten fresh (not canned) and ripe either before or after a meal.




  • Obesity: Pineapple or fresh pineapple juice consumed before meals reduces appetite and constitutes a good complement to weight-loss diets. It is also slightly diuretic (facilitates urine production).


  • Sterility: This tropical fruit is one of the richest foods in manganese, a trace element actively involved in the formation of reproductive cells, both male and female. It is therefore recommended for those suffering from sterility due to insufficient production of germinal cells (sperm in men and ova in women).


  • Stomach cancer: It has been shown that pineapple is a powerful inhibitor of the formation of nitrosamines. These carcinogenic substances form in the stomach as a chemical reaction between nitrites and certain proteins contained in foods. Nitrosamines are known to be one of the leading causes of stomach cancer.

Vitamin C alone impedes the formation of nitrosamines, but pineapple (whole or fresh juice) has been shown much more effective. Consequently, pineapple is recommended as a preventive for those at high risk for stomach cancer. Those who have suffered from this desease can also benefit from this delicious fruit in preventing recurrence.


Gastroduodenal Ulcer


Pineapple is not recommended during the active phase of a gastroduodenal ulcer since there is usually excess gastric juice present.


Pineapple: Choose Well and Gain Greater Benefit


Pineapple only ripens properly on the plant. If it is harvested early to meet the needs of transport, it is very acid and poor in nutrients.


It is important to know how to choose fruit that is ripe. Pineapple is ripe when:


1. The pulp yields to finger pressure


2. Its aroma is intense


3. Its leaves are easily removed.


To prepare a pineapple, it must be peeled and cut into 2 cm slices.


Pineapple juice is prepared by placing chunks of pineapple in a blender. The resulting juice should be drunk immediately to prevent the loss of its properties. It must be drunk slowly and well salivated.


Fighting Cancer with Pineapple


According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer has now surpassed cardiac disease as the largest killer in the United States. The incidence of cancer increases with age, with approximately 80 percent of cancers occurring in people over the age of 55.


However, according to researchers at the Queensland Institute of Medical Researcher, preventing cancer may be as simple as eating pineapple.


Pineapple Fights Cancer Growth


While analyzing bromelin, an extract of crushed pineapple stems, researchers found that two molecules isolated from the extract showed promise in fighting cancer growth:




  • One molecule, known as CCS, blocks a protein called Ras, which is defective in approximately 30 percent of all cancers.


  • The other, called CCZ, stimulates the body's own immune system to target and destroy cancer cells.

Researchers discovered these two molecules work simultaneously to block the growth of a broad range of tumor cells including breast, lung, colon, ovarian and melanoma.


And while CCS and CCZ are protease enzyme (usually associated with breaking down proteins, as in the digestive process), the above findings distinguish the molecules as a new way of treating disease and potentially a whole new class of anti-cancer agents.


What's more, bromelin, a rich source of enzymes, has also been found to modulate immunological responses and has been proposed to be of clinical use. (BBC News)

Saturday, August 15, 2009

WATER: "The Natural Healer"

Water heart Pictures, Images and Photos


Picture yourself on a desert isle with nothing to eat or drink. How long do you think you would survive......10 days?......20?......a month? Actually, you'd probably last about 45 days without food. But without water, you'd be lucky if you lasted 10. Of all the vital nutrients you need to survive, water is the one you simply can't do without.




Have you ever stopped in the middle of a busy day and realized it's been hours since you've had a drink? Suddenly, you feel like you're dying of thirst.



Actually, you are. By the time your brain's thirst center wakes up, you've already lost 2 percent of the water in your body. And if you don't replace it, your body will begin to shut down.



After all, water makes up more than 60 percent of your body weight, and if you don't get enough, any other nutrients you take in will be left high and dry. A lack of water affects everything from your digestive tract to your immune system. It also helps regulate your body temperature.



Your body is so busy that it loses 10 to 12 cups of water per day just from all the normal things you do. When you sweat, urinate, excrete waste, or even just breathe, you're getting rid of some of that moisture.



So how does your body know when it needs more, and how does it get that message to you?



Think about the last time you had "cotton" mouth. That's one way your body gets you to drink. When your blood needs water, it sometimes borrows it from your salivary glands. Your mouth feels dry, and you reach for a drink to "wet your whistle."



The hypothalamus, the part of your brain that regulates many basic body functions, also kicks in when your body is low on water. It watches for changes in your blood, then signals you it's time to drink. Unfortunately, this switch is not always on the ball and sometimes forgets to tell you you're thirsty until way past the time you need water. That's why experts tell you to drink throughout the day even if you don't feel thirsty.



In times of real trouble, the hypothalamus calls out the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone tells your kidneys to send some of the water they are holding for excretion back into the bloodstream. If your body has too much water, ADH will tell your kidneys to release it. But it always makes sure you only get rid of water you don't need.






9 WAYS WATER FIGHTS AGING


Feeds and cleans your cells. Water constantly moves in and out of your cells - dissolving nutrients, delivering them where they need to go, and carrying waste out of your body. Water plays a big part in feeding your cells so you get all the energy you need. Think of it as your own personal transportation system.


Improves your digestion. Like oil in a machine, water helps your digestive system run the way it's supposed to. Without it, your "machine" will get sluggish.


Suffer from constipation? Water helps soften your stools so you can pass them more easily.

Ever get that painful, burning sensation in your chest? Heartburn is an uncomfortable fact of life for many people. You get it when acid in your stomach backs up into your esophagus and irritates it.


Water helps wash the acid out and gives your stomach a fighting chance to do its job properly. Try drinking water about an hour before or after meals to keep your stomach from bloating. A bloated stomach is more likely to overflow, which is exactly what you don't want.


Water also helps antacids and other medicines do their jobs faster and more efficiently.

Keeps your body temperature even. When exercise or fever makes you sweat, the water evaporating off your skin actually helps cool you down - call it natural air conditioning.


Your body has a hard time handling extreme heat or cold, so during a summer heat wave or winter freeze, you need to drink even more water. If you don't, your body may shut down altogether, leading to serious problems such as heatstroke or frostbite.


Heatstroke often affects older people because they sweat less and don't feel as thirsty as they used to. If you have diabetes or heart disease, you're even more at risk. Drinking lots of water will keep you from getting dehydrated and help prevent heatstroke.


In cold weather, hypothermia, or loss of body heat, is as serious as heatstroke. And dehydration is the number one cause of frostbite, say nurses in an Alaskan hospital's thermal unit. It's easy to forget to drink in chilly weather, but your body still sweats and needs fluids. Make drinking water a year-round habit.


Helps your body heal itself. If you're sick or having surgery, drinking water is an easy way to put yourself back on the road to recovery. After surgery, your body retains water to help it heal, so adding to your supply gives your body an extra boost when it needs it most.


Water is also one of your best bets to prevent bladder or urinary infections. It helps flush the infection from your system before it gets a good grip.


Six to eight glasses of water a day will also help you beat a cold or the flu.


Lubricates and cushions your joints. Water molecules are like people - they don't like to be crowded together. This aversion actually helps protect your joints. By spreading out, water forms a cushion that helps lubricate your joints, which makes them easier to bend and move around.


When arthritis makes you stiff and achy, your first thought should be, "I need some water." This simple solution may help you feel better and even reduce your painful swelling.


If you're bothered by gout, you especially need to drink a lot of water. It dilutes and carries away the uric acid that causes your discomfort.


Along with cushioning your joints, water acts like a shock absorber inside your eyes and spinal cord.


Moisturizes your skin and lips. Water is absolutely critical to healthy skin. Both water in the air and water you drink gives shape and nourishment to your cells. It makes your skin elastic and supple instead of dried up and shriveled like a prune.


But sometimes you can get too much of a good thing. If you love long, hot showers or baths, you may be doing your skin more harm than good. Lingering in a hot tub can strip your skin of natural oils, which help keep moisture in. Make your water temperature warm instead of hot. And if you like bath oil, add a little to your bath water after you've soaked for about 10 minutes to help seal moisture into your skin.


Try spritzing your face with cool water for a quick pick-me-up. Use a humidifier in your home for a taste of the tropics, and take a refreshing walk in the rain. Moist air means moist skin, and that means healthy skin.


And don't forget what it does for your lips. Water keeps them moist, supple, and kissably soft.


Stops stones before they start. A wrenching pain stabs you in your lower back. You groan as you realize it's another kidney stone attact.


If you'd been drinking plenty of water, this probably wouldn't have happened. Water helps flush out the building blocks that form kidney stones before they can join forces to make you suffer.


You are more likely to get a kidney stone during the summer, probably because you tend to sweat more and may not drink enough water to make up for it. Some urologists say you should increase your water intake to at least 12 to 16 cups a day to combat summer's heat and humidity.


In a recent study, coffee, tea, beer, and wine lowered the risk of kidney stones, while apple juice and grapefruit juice increased the risk. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results.


If your problem is gallstones, make water your lifelong friend. Bile, a fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps in digestion, especially of fats. When your bile has enough water, it can easily dissolve the cholesterol that forms gallstones. This keeps your gallbladder fit and happy.


Watches your weight. Guess what's at the center of any successful weight-loss program? That's right. good old H2O. Remember, your body needs this nutrient more than any other, and it happens to be calorie free.


Drink a glass before eating. Water fills you up, making it easier to resist that mound of food on your plate. It helps you eat more slowly. When you take your time, you end up eating less.


Drink more whenever you're active. It helps you exercise longer and harder. Walk one more mile. Swim an extra lap. Pound out one more set of tennis. Your body will love you for it.


Rinses away germs. Water can do you just as much good from the outside as the inside. Remember how your mother always nagged you to wash your hands before eating......or after blowing your nose......or coughing......or petting the dog? She knew a good washing gave the old "heave-ho" to germs and other nasty things living on your skin.


Soap and water is the number one way to stop germs from spreading. Fewer germs mean fewer illnesses. And that means a healthier, happier you.





YOUR ACTION PLAN


HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH?


Most people tend to drink water only when they are thirsty. Big mistake! The switch that runs the thirst center in your brain doesn't even wake up until you've already lost too much of your body fluids.


As you get older, your thirst switch becomes even more forgetful. Since you don't feel thirsty, you don't drink as much as you should, and you become dehydrated.


Heavy sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea can lead to dehydration if you don't replace the fluids you
lose. These conditions are especially dangerous because they flush away your body's much-needed supply of salt. About half the elderly who suffer from this serious problem will die without treatment.


Dehydration can lead to serious problems like heatstroke (overheating) or hypothermia (loss of body heat).



Symptoms of dehydration include:




  • severe thirst


  • dry lips and tongue


  • rapid heart rate and breathing


  • dizziness


  • confusion


  • dry, taut skin


  • dark-colored urine




Tiredness, headaches, cramps, and pale skin can mean you're critically low on salt.



If you notice any of these symptoms, see your doctor immediately. Fluids and salt must be replaced quickly, and you may require hospital care.



The easiest way to prevent dehydration is to give your body lots of water every day. Just by eating, you get some water into your system, but food provides only two to four cups of water each day. Some experts say you should drink another six to eight glasses (about two quarts) to make up for what you lose. Others recommend as much as 12 to 16 cups every day. If your urine is clear or pale yellow, you know you're getting enough.



Want an easy way to keep track of how much you drink? Try keeping six inexpensive 8-ounce cups in your cupboard. Throughout the day, use each one only once, then put it in your sink or dishwasher. By the end of the day, you'll know how much you've had to drink, and you can finish any that are left.



Of course, the amount your body needs won't always stay the same. It depends on what kind of foods you eat, how hot or cold the temperature is, or whether you're out playing a hearty game of tennis or just relaxing in front of your television.



Your body definitely needs more fluids when you exercise or have a busy day, even if you're not thirsty. Water is best because it gets to your tissues more quickly than other beverages that must be digested.



Exercise actually blunts your thirst mechanism, so by the time you feel like you need a drink, you're already in trouble. Keep a water bottle handy and keep sipping whether you feel like it or not. Water also cools your body down from the inside out.





THE WISE WATER CONSUMER



A 115-year-old man living on an island off Japan was asked how a person his age could be so healthy.



"Simple," the old man replied. "I've drunk water all my life - gallons and gallons of it."



He ended up living to the ripe old age of 120 years, 237 days.





For Shigechiyo Izumi and others on his island, water was the secret to long life. But it was a special kind of water filtered through ancient coral reefs. It gave him extra minerals and other elements that helped keep the spring in his step and a youthful song in his heart.



Today, many people hope to find that same fountain of youth in bottled water. We see exotic labels like "Artesian" or "natural spring water" and think it must be better than plain old tap water. In fact, we drink twice as much bottled water as we did five years ago.



But is it really better?



Judge for yourself. At any given moment, more than 70,000 contaminants are swirling their way through your water supply. Many can make you sick.



Lead is a particularly dangerous problem. As water travels through old pipes in your home, it can pick up lead. If you're older, you need to worry about aluminum in your drinking water. It may increase your risk of Alzheimer's disease.



One sure way you can avoid these bad guys is to use a water-treatment system in your home. There are hundreds to choose from, and they all claim to remove bacteria, chemicals, minerals, and unpleasant odors and tastes. You may already have one of the simpler models. A pour-through pitcher with a carbon filter is a cheap and easy way to take care of minor water problems.



How do you know if you need a bigger and better filtering system? First, you should find out exactly what's in your water. Remember the saying: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." You don't need a water-treatment system unless you have a problem, so have your water tested before you rush out and plunk down your hard-earned money.



The Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) is a good place to start. The EPA can supply you with the name of a lab in your area that will test your water for lead and other contaminants. If you decide you need a filtering system, the lab can help you determine what type you need.



Your friendly neighborhood plumber also can give you some good advice. He can even help install your water-treatment system. Just be sure that any equipment you buy has a seal from NSF International or the Water Quality Association "Gold Seal." That means the equipment has been tested and meets industry standards.





WATER CAUTIONS



Many of you swear by it. No expensive contraptions. Door-to-door delivery. Goes wherever you do. In fact, one out of every 15 families drinks bottled water because they like the taste and believe it's safer than their local water supply.



Unfortunately, some bottled water may not be any purer than your own tap water.



Remember the Perrier scare several years ago? This popular brand was recalled because it contained too much benzene, a chemical used in making many dyes and drugs. Other brands have been recalled because they smelled bad or contained unhealthy levels of organic compounds.



Let's face it, all water comes from the same place - above or below ground - so it all will be contaminated in some way. How it's filtered and purified is what makes the difference. You may be surprised to learn that a quarter of the bottled water sold is actually tap water that's been re-filtered to make it taste better.



One reason bottled water tastes better is that most bottling companies disinfect their water with ozone, which leaves no aftertaste or smell. Many local water systems use chlorine to help purify the water.



The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency keeps a close watch over your tap water to make sure it doesn't contain too much of anything that can harm your health.



Since 1975, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been responsible for making sure bottled water is just as safe as tap water. In 2003, the FDA set new limits for as many as 50 chemicals and other contaminants in bottled water.



The FDA also defined each type of bottled water so labels would be consistent from one state to another. Now when you see "spring water" on two different labels, you can be sure they mean the same thing.





BOTTLED WATER DEFINED





Confused about the labels on bottled water? You're not alone. The Food and Drug Administration provides the following definitions to help you figure out what you're buying:








  • bulk drinking water - tap or spring water that's filtered and purified with ozone. Minerals are removed and may or may not be re-added. The label must state if the bottle contains municipal tap water.




  • mineral water - water obtained from protected underground sources. It's usually "sparkling," meaning it contains natural carbon dioxide that makes it bubble. The bottle must list a "high" or "low" mineral content. You'll also see a nutrition label if it's high in calcium, iron, or sodium.




  • spring water - underground water that flows naturally to the earth's surface or is pumped from the source. "Natural spring water" means it has not been processed in any way.




  • artesian water - well water that comes from an underground rock formation. It surfaces naturally through a man-made hole.




  • distilled water - produced by vaporizing water, then condensing it in a way that takes out all dissolved minerals.




  • purified water - treated by certain chemical or physical processes to remove dissolved solids, including minerals. It must meet U.S. Pharmacopeia standards because it's often used in laboratories and for medical purposes.




  • seltzer, soda, or tonic water - filtered and artificially carbonated tap water that usually has added sodium or sweeteners. These are considered soft drinks and are not regulated.






TIPS FOR WATER SAFETY



If you drink bottled water, follow these steps to make sure it's as pure and safe as possible:









  • Choose products from companies that belong to the International Bottled Water Association (IBWA). The IBWA supports the FDA's bottled water standards.




  • Call the bottler (most have 800 numbers) and get a list of the contaminants it tests for. Ask about chlorine and flouride. Most companies don't use chlorine to disinfect the water because it can combine with other materials to form cancer-causing agents.




  • Check the source. You don't want water that comes from highly industrialized areas.




  • Buy your water in glass containers. Plastic packaging may contaminate the water - no one is sure.




  • Disinfect your water cooler about once a month. Run a half gallon of white vinegar through it, then rinse with four or five gallons of tap water.




  • Just for fun, join the Water of the Month Club and sample exotic waters from around the world. For example, try super-oxygenated Angel Fire Water or Fiji Natural Artesian Water. Find them on the Internet at http://bottledwaterstore.com/.


If you prefer using tap water:







  • Run the faucets for a minute or two first thing in the morning to flush out bacteria, chemicals, and other impurities.




  • When you're cooking, use cold water instead of hot. Hot water from the faucet may contain more lead.




  • Try not to boil drinking water longer than five minutes. Because some water evaporates, you end up with a higher concentration of contaminants, including lead.

Monday, August 3, 2009

Eggs and Cholesterol

little boy Pictures, Images and Photos


The egg has gotten a negative reputation due to its elevated cholesterol content.

Is the egg as harmful to cardiovascular patients as had been thought?




The egg is the richest of animal products in cholesterol (425 mg/100 g). Only brain tissue is higher (2,200 mg/100 g).



The egg contains so much cholesterol because this lipid is indispensable for the development of the nervous system andendocrine glands of the embryo. However, humans do not need to take in cholesterol through their food, since the liver is capable of producing even more than the body needs.



One egg contains about 250 mg of cholesterol, an amount close to the 300 mg daily upper limit. This means that eating one egg a day and any other animal product (milk, meat, fish, etc.) substantially surpasses the 300 mg of cholesterol considered the maximum daily allowance.









June_28 Pictures, Images and Photos

In addition to an increase in cholesterol level, other factors such as smoking, lack of physical exercise, or obesity, contribute, as well, to lipoprotein oxidation and to arteriosclerosis. To the contrary, vegetables and fruit rich in antioxidants inhibit this degenerative process.



Eggs Raise Cholesterol Only Slightly......


A study at the Copenhagen Clinic for the Study of Preventive Health (Denmark) demonstrates that eating two hardboiled eggs a day for six weeks produces:



  • an increase in HDL cholesterol (beneficial) of 10%.

  • a slight increase in total cholesterol of 4%.

If this is the case with two eggs a day, it is reasonable to say that moderate consumption of two or three eggs a week does not raise blood cholesterol level.


This and other discoveries confirm that the moderate use of eggs does not increase blood cholesterol level. In fact, cholesterol from food has a relatively limited impact on the blood levels of this lipid. Saturated fat increases cholesterol levels more than food cholesterol itself.





......But Promote Arteriosclerosis


Even though eggs do not raise blood cholesterol levels as much as was once thought, they do promote arteriosclerosis to a greater degree than was thought.


Cholesterol is only dangerous when it is deposited on the walls of arteries, which become hardened and narrower. Recent investigations have shown that this process, known as arteriosclerosis, is initiated by the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the substances transporting cholesterol in the blood plasma.


Studies conducted at the Rambam Medical Center in Haifa (Israel), have shown that the consumption of two eggs a day for three weeks increases oxidation of plasma lipoproteins by 42%. This means that eggs promote the process of arterial deterioration and arteriosclerosis.





Prevention of Arteriosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease


Those at high risk for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in general because of high cholesterol levels or other causes, should:



  • Avoid eating eggs, and use substitutes in their place.

  • Discard the yolk of the egg. The egg white contains no fats, and as has been shown, its use reduces cholesterol levels.

  • Use eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, which do not increase cholesterol and reduce triglyceride levels.

  • Never eat more than two eggs a week.

  • Avoid fried eggs, which supply more fat since they retain frying oil, thus promoting an increase in cholesterol.




The Egg and Hygiene


The egg is the ideal medium for the development of microorganisms. Although eggs contain protective membranes and antibacterial proteins such as lysozyme, many commercially available eggs are contaminated, even in developed countries.


A study conducted at the Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology in Berlin (Germany) shows that Salmonella bacteria in eggs are responsible for 67% of all food-related poisonings.




Avoiding Egg-Transmitted Infections






Mayonnaise Pictures, Images and Photos


  • Avoid eating raw eggs: Sauces, particularly mayonnaise, are excellent media for the development of microorganisms from: 1). the egg itself. 2). external contamination from hands, hair, and saliva of those handling the material during preparation. Pasteurized egg products should be used in place of raw eggs.

  • Discard eggs with cracked shells. Intact eggs may be contaminated with salmonella because bacteria penetrate the shell through its numerous pores. Those with damaged shells present an even greater risk of contamination.

  • Discard eggs contaminated with feces on the shell. Washing does not eliminate the possibility of contamination, since the microbes have usually already entered the egg.

  • Store eggs in the refrigerator and never longer than three weeks.

  • Use the freshest (most recently laid) eggs possible. The longer an egg is stored, the greater the possibility that bacteria have developed in its interior.


How To Tell if an Egg Is Fresh


Recently laid eggs sink in water. As time passes, part of the water within the egg evaporates through the pores in the shell. This enlarges the air space in the egg and causes it to float.


The yolk in recently laid eggs is found in the center. As the egg ages, the yolk moves to the side.


By observing a back-lit egg, one can see the size of the air space and the position of the yolk. As the egg ages, the separation between the yolk and the egg white becomes less distinct.

Saturday, July 25, 2009

COFFEE: "A Stimulating And Aromatic Drug"

Coffee Maker Pictures, Images and Photos
Coffee is a highly aromatic stimulant beverage prepared from roasted and ground coffee beans. Coffee beans are the seeds of the Coffee arabica or the Coffee robusta plants.

Coffee is a true drug due to its caffeine content. It meets the criteria set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drug addiction:



  • It creates addiction or dependency;


  • Produces tolerance (the dose must be increased to achieve the same effect);


  • Its elimination results in abstinence syndrome;


  • Its regular use is harmful to health.


Coffee-drinking raises cholesterol levels. However, this effect is eliminated when it is brewed using a paper filter. The substance that raises cholesterol is not caffeine, but rather an aromatic substance in the coffee that remains in the paper filter.









coffee Pictures, Images and Photos

Contents of a Cup of Coffee


Water makes up between 97.8% and 99.3% by weight, depending on the brewing method.


Carbohydrates make up an irrelevant 0.4% to 1.5%. These are composed of sugars and a miniscule amount of starch.


Coffee contains from 58 to 212 mg/100 l of caffeine, which represents 0.058% to 0.212%. Coffee is the richest in caffeine of any beverage. This is particularly so for espresso, which is prepared by forcing steam and hot water through coffee grounds. espresso is more highly concentrated than that prepared with a regular coffee maker by brewing and filtration.


Vitamins and minerals: There are only very small amounts of niacin (0.22 mg/100 g), magnesium (5 mg/100 g), and potassium (54 mg/100 g).


Caffeic and chlorogenic acids, which act as diuretics and irritate the digestive tract.


Essential oil: this is what gives coffee its unique flavor and aroma, but it irritates the mucosa of the stomach and intestine.



The only nutrient that may be found in any significant amount in a cup of coffee is the sugar that may have been added.



Harmful Effects of Coffee


The harmfulness of coffee is the subject of broad debate among researchers. While some feel that moderate amounts (2 to 3 cups a day) is safe, others are equally certain that it produces numerous disorders.


The following illustrates its proven harmful effects, which it has in common with other stimulant beverage.



Myocardial infrarction risk is slightly higher in coffee drinkers, according to a meta-analysis (a compendium of a large body of previous statistics) carried out at Harvard University (USA).


Arrhythmia: Coffee may lead to changes in cardiac rhythm.


Mammary nodules: No statistical relationship has been found between coffee consumption and breast cancer. However, when it is removed from the diet, there is a reduction in the number of mammary nodules in women with fibrocystic dysplasia.


Osteoporosis: coffee fosters calcium loss through the urine. Even though moderate coffee consumption (2 to 3 cups a day) increases calcium loss very little, it does contribute to osteoporosis.


Cholesterol: A study at the university of South Carolina (USA) demonstrated that increasing unfiltered coffee consumption by one cup a day on a regular basis raises blood cholesterol by 20 mg/100 ml.


Changes in intellectual performance: An experiment conducted in the psychology department at Nene College in Northampton (UK) shows that more errors are produced in identifying pairs of equal (for example A/a) or different (for example P/a) letters. Although other studies demonstrate that coffee stimulates mental activity, more errors are produced after drinking it as well. This is possibly due to the fact that caffeine reduces the brain's glucose supply.


Arterial hypertension: when one stops drinking coffee blood pressure drops. This also results from changing to decaffeinated coffee, but not to the same degree.


Acid stomach: coffee increases the production of acid juices in the stomach. It also promotes acid reflux, causing heartburn and esophagitis. This has been well demonstrated at the Bogenhausen Hospital in Munich (Germany).


Urinary bladder cancer: coffee consumption, particularly if combined with alcohol use, significantly raises the risk of this type of cancer.

Saturday, July 18, 2009

TEA: "The Divine Healer"

Tea Pictures, Images and Photos




According to legend, this delightfully healthy brew was first discovered by the Chinese emperor Shen Nong, often called “The Divine Healer,” when tea leaves accidentally fell into some water being boiled for him. Inquisitive by nature, he decided to try the new concoction and found it invigorating. Today, more tea is consumed around the world than any other beverage except water.
 


For over 4,000 years, healers worldwide have used tea to soothe digestive distress, relieve headaches, fight infections, control coughing, boost energy levels, and soothe sunburn, just to name a few of tea’s traditional uses.




Just what is it that makes tea so good for you anyway?




It’s probably the plant tea comes from that deserves all the praise, the Camellia sinensis. This plant, which may either be a shrub or a tree depending on the variety, is the source of all teas - green, black, and oolong. The only difference between them is how they are processed. The processing difference means green tea ends up with more polyphenols than black tea.




And it’s those polyphenols that researchers think give green tea, and possibly to a lesser extent black tea, its healing properties. Active antioxidants, polyphenols provide protection against free radical damage that may lead to cancer and heart disease.




The polyphenols in green tea are called catechins. Catechins are the most important components of green tea because of their ability to scavenge free radicals. Catechins are also present in black tea, although to a lesser extent than in green tea.
 


“One sip of this will bathe the drooping spirits in delight, beyond the bliss of dreams.” - John Milton, author of Paradise Lost, on tea.
 




6 WAYS TEA FIGHTS AGING




Combats cancer. Animal studies provide convincing evidence that green tea can inhibit a variety of cancers, including stomach, esophageal, gastrointestinal, liver, lung, and pancreatic. Several other studies have found that black tea also reduces the risk of certain cancers. Although the results from human studies have been less clear due to the number of variables associated with tea drinking (such as how hot it’s taken or whether milk, sugar, or lemon is added), the most recent studies provide strong support for the theory that tea can prevent cancer in humans.




Several studies have found that drinking as little as one cup of green tea a week can slash your risk of developing cancer of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach) by as much as 50 percent.




A 27-month investigation of tea drinkers in Shanghai showed that people who drank at least one cup of freshly brewed green tea a week for six months or more had a 30 percent lower risk of stomach cancer than people who didn’t drink tea.




Some research even suggests that drinking green tea may block some of the damage caused by smoking cigarettes. Although Japanese men smoke more cigarettes than American men, studies show a lower rate of lung cancer death for the Japanese men. One possible explanation may be the Japanese custom of drinking green tea.




Additional studies have found that green tea reduces the risk of the following cancers: gastric cancer among Swedish teens, cancer of the mouth among northern Italians, pancreatic cancer among older people in Poland and in the United States, and colon cancer among Japanese men.




A natural heart healer? Animal studies have found that hamster given green and black teas have lower cholesterol levels. In rats, tea has anti-clotting effects. For humans, these studies could mean fewer or less severe heart attacks, or it could mean that humans just have to drink a heck of a lot of tea to experience any benefits at all. The hamsters studied were drinking quantities of tea that would be about equal to two quarts of tea a day for humans.




That may, in fact, be the case. A recent study of 1,371 Japanese men found that drinking more than 10 cups (8 cups equals 2 quarts) of green tea a day reduced total cholesterol levels and increased the “good” HDL cholesterol, both benefits when it comes to preventing heart disease. Consuming green tea also reduced the risk of clogged arteries. Another study of elderly Dutch men provide additional support for tea’s good effect on the heart. That study found regularly consuming tea reduced the risk of coronary heart disease.




Staves off strokes. Tea may also protect against strokes. A study of 552 men ages 50 to 69 revealed that those who drank more than 4.7 cups of black tea a day had a 69 percent reduced risk of stroke compared with the men who drank less than 2.6 cups of tea a day. Researchers suspect tea protects against stroke by preventing blood clots and by hindering LDL “bad” cholesterol from clogging arteries.




Inhibits infections. Several studies have found green tea to be useful in preventing infections, especially diseases that cause diarrhea like cholera and typhus. Other studies have indicated that green tea may be useful in preventing the flu and may even protect against the AIDS virus. One animal study has also found that green tea appears to boost the immune system, which would further boost your body’s ability to fight infections.




Crushes cavities. Green tea also appears to offer powerful protection against cavities by killing the bacteria that commonly lead to tooth decay. It may also increase the resistance of your tooth enamel to decay.




Loves your liver. The Japanese study that revealed 10 or more cups of green tea a day offered heart protection also revealed that green tea protected against liver cell damage.
 




“If you are cold, tea will warm you;
If you are too heated, it will cool you;
If you are depressed, it will cheer you;
If you are excited, it will calm you.”
- William Gladstone, former British Prime Minister
 




YOUR ACTION PLAN
 


HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH?




No one really knows for certain, according to Joe Vinson, Ph.D., professor of chemistry at the University of Scranton in Scranton, Pa. Studies surveying populations that drink green tea have found four cups to be better than two. Those studies also show that spreading your tea drinking throughout the day is better than drinking it all at once.




The only specifics researchers have to rely on for making tea drinking recommendations come from the studies themselves. For example, a recent Japanese study found that 10 cups or more of green tea a day lowers cholesterol. Dutch research revealed it takes a little over four and a half cups of black tea a day to reduce the risk of stroke. To protect yourself from esophageal cancer, researchers think as little as one cup of green tea a day may do the trick.




If you’re primarily a black tea drinker, Dr. Vinson sees no reason for you to switch to green. According to him, black tea also contains good antioxidants, and population studies have shown a positive link between black tea and good health.




Instant tea and iced tea also contain the health-promoting antioxidants. Just don’t leave iced tea uncovered or sitting out of the refrigerator too long, or its antioxidant levels will drop.
 




DO YOU NEED SUPPLEMENTS?




No one really needs tea supplements of any sort since you can get all the benefits by just drinking a cup of tea.




However, if you can’t stand the taste of green tea, you may find supplements a satisfactory substitute. Most health food stores carry green tea capsules containing standardized extracts of polyphenols, the antioxidants that give tea its healing powers. Polyphenol concentrations may range from 15 to 50 percent.
 




HOW TO BREW AN EXCELLENT CUP OF TEA




You don’t have to cook up a tempest in a teapot to brew an excellent cup of tea. Follow these four golden rules and you’ll always find yourself sipping an exquisite blend.



  • Prerinse the teapot or teacup you’ll be using for your tea with hot water. This will ensure that your tea stays warm while brewing.

  • Fill your tea kettle with fresh, cold water. Reheated water gives tea a flat taste. Bring water to a rolling boil. If you’re brewing green tea, remove the kettle from the heat and let it sit with the lid open for a few minutes. Green tea needs to be steeped at cooler temperatures than black or oolong teas. For black tea, use water immediately.

  • Use one tea bag or 1 teaspoonful of tea for every cup of water. Pour water over the tea. Although with loose tea you normally start with 1 teaspoonful of tea, you may want to experiment with different amounts, more or less, to see what taste suits you best.

  • Watch the clock. Tea should be brewed for three to five minutes. The color of tea is not a good indicator of its strength. If you find that the tea is too strong for you after it’s finished brewing, add a little warm water.
     


THE WISE TEA CONSUMER


You can find tea in a variety of places, from specialty shops to the local supermarket. Black tea may be the easiest to locate, but you can find green tea in natural health food stores or Asian food markets. Green tea in tea bags is now widely available in grocery stores.


If you’re buying your tea fresh, look for leaves that have an even color and a delicate, not strong, aroma. Since to grades of tea are handpicked, you should see fewer stems in more expensive varieties. Tea leaves of top grade teas are also more tightly rolled than lower grade teas. This gives tea a more consistent flavor. It also means that a pound of high-quality tea will look smaller than a pound of lower quality tea.


As more studies show a link between green tea and good health, the popularity of green tea grows. Due to the studies showing that green tea may protect against skin cancer, you can now purchase a variety of personal care products that contain green tea, from moisturizers and sunblocks to shampoos and deodorants.
 


Do you take milk with your tea? Many people do. However, if you’re drinking tea for your health, adding milk may do more harm than good.


A recent Italian study showed that people who added milk to their tea in about a four to one ratio - 80 percent tea, 20 percent milk - found that milk inhibited the antioxidant potential of tea.


Researchers suggest milk proteins may attach themselves to the antioxidants in tea, making them ineffective. This means the normally protective antioxidants in tea won’t be able to protect your body from the health risks free radicals can cause, such as cancer and heart disease.
 


Green tea is even turning up in toothpaste. Once manufacturers learned of green tea’s ability to reduce plaque formation and strengthen tooth enamel, they didn’t let any grass grow under their feet getting their new green tea toothpaste on store shelves.


If you’re considering purchasing any of these products, just keep in mind that most studies were done using green tea, not a green tea extract.
 


TEA CAUTIONS


Don’t take your tea too hot. Studies show that extremely hot tea can actually increase your risks of oesophageal and stomach cancers.
 


Better to be deprived of food for three days than of tea for one.
- Ancient Chinese saying
 


GREEN TEA FOR ALLERGIES


PUT THE BRAKES ON HISTAMINE


A tickle, cough, or sneeze could be a reminder you need to brew some tea - green tea. Already famous for being a heart disease and cancer fighter, this popular beverage may be able to claim one more health benefit - taming allergies.
 


HOW IT WORKS


Scientists think a powerful antioxidant in green tea called methylated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is responsible for its allergy-fighting properties. EGCG interrupts the allergy process by blocking the IgE receptor, which stops your allergic response to outside stimuli, such as dust or pollen. It also prevents the release of histamine, which causes the inflammation associate with allergies.


Earlier studies have shown that similar compounds in green tea may help relieve allergy symptoms, but EGCG appears to be the most potent.
 


THE SEARCH FOR ANTI-ALLERGENS


Unfortunately, no studies on green tea EGCG have yet been done on humans. So far, the research has focused on cells and mice.


If further studies show it works on people, green tea could combat allergens, like dust, pet dander, pollen, and some chemicals. Researchers are also trying to determine how much of it you would have to drink, or if one variety of green tea works better than others.


You’ll be the winner if future research supports the green-tea-for-allergies theory. You’ll be gaining a simple, inexpensive way to fight annoying allergies. Stay tuned for the latest findings.
 


BECOME A GREEN TEA EXPERT


You can buy green tea in most grocery and health food stores, either loose or in tea bags. Store it in a dark, airtight container, and keep the container in a cool, dry place. It’s best to use green tea within a month or two to reap the most rewards.


Because boiling water destroys some of the antioxidants in green tea, steep it in water that is hot, not boiling, for about three minutes. Drink it before it gets too cool and the tea turns dark brown - a sign the antioxidants are no longer active.
 


CONTROL ALLERGY TRIGGERS



  • To kill dust mites and their eggs, wash rugs, bedding, and curtains frequently in hot water, place them outside in the sun for about four hours, or get them dry-cleaned.

  • Keep your house as dry as possible to limit the growth of mold.

  • During pollen season, keep your windows closed and stay inside.

  • Wear a mask to cover your mouth and nose when you garden or clean.

  • Shower after being outdoors to remove any pollen clinging to your skin and hair.

  • Bathe pets often, treat them with flea repellent, or keep them outside.

  • Eliminate soft surfaces in your home - carpets, extra pillows, tablecloths, etc. - and dust often with a wet cloth to trap allergens.

  • Drink extra water to control your body’s production of histamine, a substance that causes watery eyes and a runny nose.
     

GREEN TEA FOR HEART DISEASE


STAY HEALTHY WITH FLAVONOIDS


Tea is second only to water as the most popular beverage in the world. Many people take a few minutes each day to relax and enjoy a cup of tea. The numbers would be even higher if more folks knew about the extraordinary heart benefits of green tea.
 


HOW IT WORKS


A number of studies have examined the health benefits of different kinds of tea. Green tea has been found to contain high levels of flavorous, which are powerful antioxidants. Antioxidants fight harmful molecules called free radicals that scientists think may contribute to heart disease.


Some researchers believe green tea’s protective effect may come from its ability to lower blood pressure or LDL cholesterol. Having high blood pressure or high levels of unhealthy cholesterol can increase your risk for heart disease.
 


RESEARCH TELLS THE STORY


About a decade ago, a study on green tea involving 12,763 men from seven countries looked into how flavorous in their diet, mainly from green tea, affected their risk of heart disease.


This study found a strong connection between the high flavonoid content of green tea and a lower risk of heart disease. According to the researchers, the more flavonoids you consume, the less likely you are of dying from heart disease.


In its wake came additional studies. Three of them, in particular, highlight green tea’s beneficial influence on the heart.



  • A two-year study with 393 participants, conducted in Japan, looked into its protective role against heart attacks.

  • Another Japanese study, whose main focus was green tea’s role in cancer prevention, involved an important sub-study on cardiovascular, or heart and blood vessel, disease.

  • The third study, conducted recently in Taiwan, involved 1,507 participants and looked into the relationship between green tea and high blood pressure.

The study on green tea and heart attacks found that those who drank at least one cup of green tea a day were 42 percent less likely to have a heart attack than the people who didn’t drink green tea.


The sub-study that focused on green tea’s role in preventing cardiovascular disease found that green tea, in terms of heart health, might extend your life. Those who consumed the most green tea lived longer without cardiovascular disease than those who didn’t drink green tea.
 


EAT ‘FUNCTIONAL FOODS’ EVERY DAY


Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are important because they contain nutrients that could help reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, like heart disease and cancer.


The FDA divides functional foods into groups. They range from foods whose claims for reducing risk for disease are fully supported by scientific evidence, to foods that have a healthy reputation but lack scientific support for their claims.


Examples of proven functional foods are fruits and vegetables, oat bran, and psyllium. Functional foods needn’t be dietary add-ons. Make them part of your normal diet.
 


In the study of green tea’s influence on blood pressure, researchers focused on how long the subjects had been drinking green tea. They concluded that drinking a half-cup (4 ounces) to two-and-a-half-cups (20 ounces) of moderate-strength green tea every day for a year reduced the participants’ risk of developing high blood pressure by 46 percent.
 


MAKE DRINKING GREEN TEA A HABIT


You can find green tea in a variety of places, from specialty shops to your local supermarket. Although green tea bags are widely available, you might want to buy your tea fresh.


Look for leaves that have an even color and a delicate, not strong aroma. Since top grades of tea are handpicked, you should see fewer stems in more expensive varieties.


Tea leaves of top grade teas are also more tightly rolled than lower grade teas. This gives the tea a more consistent flavor. It also means a pound of high-quality tea will look smaller than a pound of lower-quality tea.
 


GREEN TEA FOR WEIGHT LOSS


WEIGHING THE BENEFITS


Green tea has been used for thousand of years to treat a variety of ailments. Today, this popular beverage is known for fighting cancer and heart and respiratory disease, and many people claim its fat-fighting properties make it a natural complement to any healthy weight-loss program.
 


HOW IT WORKS


Green tea comes from the same plant that black and oolong teas do. They’re just processed differently. Those who love the full-bodied taste of black and oolong teas may be tempted to think the green is too weak. But “weak” probably isn’t the right word. Green tea is loaded with potent phytochemicals and antioxidants.


Some studied suggest the antioxidants in green tea, called catechin polyphenols, might help with weight loss by restricting the activity of amylase, a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme in saliva. Researchers think this action may slow the digestion of carbohydrates, which prevents the sudden rise of insulin in the blood and makes you burn fat instead of storing it. Others suggest the polyphenols in green tea increase your metabolism, helping you burn extra calories.
 
 


BURN EXTRA CALORIES WHILE YOU PLAY


Fitness activity - Calories burned *


Tennis (singles) - 275
Bicycling (no hills) -
221
Racquetball - 221
Aerobics - 203
Badminton (singles) - 198
Yoga - 180
Tennis (doubles) - 171
Ballroom dancing - 153
Water aerobics - 144
Swing dancing - 135
Table tennis - 135
Tai chi - 135
Golfing (no cart) - 131
strolling - 104


*The number of calories a 150-pound person would burn for 30 minutes of activity.
 
 


EXTRACT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN BREW


In 1985, French researchers conducted one of the first trials on green tea’s effect on fat. The study involved 60 middle-age obese women who were put on a diet of 1,800 calories a day and took green tea extract at each meal for 30 days.


After two weeks, the green tea group lost twice as much weight as those on the same diet who took a placebo instead. After four weeks, the green tea group had lost three times as much weight as the placebo group - not to mention significantly greater losses in waist size.


More studies have been done since 1985, but most have focused on how many calories green tea extract burns, which doesn’t always mean the same thing as losing weight.


The National Institutes of Health sponsored one of the most recent studies. In this study, 70 moderately obese adults were given two capsules of green tea extract twice a day, containing a daily total of 375 milligrams of catechin.


After three months, their body weight dropped 4.6 percent (that’s almost 10 pounds if you began at 200) and 4.48 percent off their waist (2.25 inches if you began at 50 inches).


But here’s the catch. You can melt pounds away with green tea, but not by drinking it. You would have to drink an awful lot of green tea to get the dose of fat-burning ingredients the participants in these trials received. They weren’t drinking green tea. They were getting large doses of its active ingredients in green tea extract capsules.
 


DRINK TO GOOD HEALTH


There’s no question about it. Green tea’s health benefits are amazing. But its usefulness as an aid to weight loss is clearly complementary - it helps. It complements a nutritious diet with limited portions and a daily exercise plan. So don’t put your hopes for a dramatic drop in weight in green tea alone.


One more caution - unless the green tea you use is clearly marked “decaffeinated,” it will contain caffeine. Although green tea has less caffeine than black tea and about one-third as much as coffee, too much might keep you awake at night or make you feel nervous. If this is true for you, switch to decaffeinated green tea. You can also buy decaffeinated green tea extract.
 
 

Wednesday, July 15, 2009

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Monday, June 22, 2009

Weight Problems

Trick your body into losing weight
Do you turn to tricks and traps to lose weight? Weight-loss pills may sound like the answer to prayers, but these drugs can do more harm than good, not to mention costing you an arm and a leg. And single-food diets promising miracles can be nutritional nightmares. What you need are some healthy tricks that will melt those pounds off naturally and easily.
Lean on low-density foods. Here's a trick that will allow you to eat the same amount of food, feel just as full, but absorb fewer calories. The scientific fact behind this "magic" is food density - the amount of calories a food has per portion. Low-density foods, like fruits and vegetables, are bulky and filling, but they don't carry a lot of calories. High-density foods, on the other hand, have a ton of calories crammed into small servings, mainly because they are loaded with fats and sugars.
To see the difference, try substituting the same amount of a low-density food for a high-density food - say 3 ounces of strawberries for 3 ounces of potato chips. You'll find you feel just as satisfied with the fruit, probably even more so. On top of that, you'll have saved yourself hundreds of calories.
Your goal is to eat more low-density foods such as produce, whole grains, and legumes, and cut down on fatty, sugary foods. But remember - even low-fat or fat-free snacks can be high-density because of their tremendous sugar content.
Fluff up your food. You may remember adding fluff to your peanut butter sandwiches as a child. That sugary confection will not help you lose weight, but food with extra air whipped in just might. A study at Pennsylvania State University found these "fluffy" foods could help you eat less.
In the study, 28 men drank one of three different kinds of milkshakes before lunch. All three milkshakes had the same ingredients, but some were blended longer to add air and volume. The men who drank the "airy" shakes ate 12 percent fewer calories at lunch. And they did not make up for it by eating more at dinner, meaning they kept those calories off.
So if you must snack, trick your senses by filling up on an air-filled treat like low-fat frozen yogurt or butter-free popcorn.
Shrink your serving sizes. Cleaning your plate could be one of the only bad habits your mom taught you. Especially if you eat at a typical restaurant with a mountain of food on your platter. According to a recent study, the more you have on your plate, the more you'll eat. Fortunately, the opposite is true as well.
One great way to limit your serving size is to cook at home, where you can control how much food you cook. You also can try eating off a smaller plate to reduce the size of your portions.
Things get trickier when you eat out, but there are ways around a restaurant's generosity. Overcome huge entrees by splitting them with your spouse or friend. If you go it alone, put half your dinner into a doggie bag before you even start eating. That way, you won't be tempted by a full plate.
Limit food variety. A wide selection of food may be appealing when you're at a buffet, but it won't be when you get on the scale afterward. An overload of food appears to make your stomach's fuel gauge shut down. You're more likely to go beyond "full" just so you can taste everything. Experts think this tendency comes from our ancestors, who had to eat a variety of foods to guarantee they got all their nutrients.
The trick is to limit your snack selection. Store only one brand of chips in your cupboard or one type of cake in your fridge. You'll end up snacking less often because you'll get tired of the same old taste. On the other hand, stockpile a wide selection of fruits and vegetables. variety in this case means getting a mix of nutrients and phytochemicals that would make your ancestors envious.
Ditch high-calorie drinks. You've heard of a beer belly, but how about a soda belly? Experts say you can put on pounds without realizing it by drinking high-calorie beverages. Your body doesn't seem to register the drinks because they go right through you. So you take in hundreds of empty calories, and your stomach is still hungry for more.
Do yourself a favor, and replace most of your high-calorie drinks with low- or no-calorie ones like tea and water. You'll quench your thirst and save some pounds.
What is it?
Your healthiest weight is determined by considering your height-to-weight ratio or Body Mass Index (BMI), and the amount and location of body fat. Being either overweight or underweight can lead to health problems.
Symptoms:
  • A BMI greater than 25
  • Weight that exceeds or falls below the ideal as shown in weight-for-height tables
  • Waistline measurements of more than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men

7 ways fiber helps you win at losing

You've tried the hot dog diet, the banana diet, and the grapefruit diet. You've gone through diet pills, sweat suits, and supplements. Your home is littered with exercise equipment and videos that promised to help you lose those extra pounds. But despite your best efforts, you can't seem to lose weight. What are you doing wrong?

Chances are, you're not eating enough fiber. Studies show obesity rates are tied to the amount of fiber people eat. In places like Kenya and Uganda, where they eat as much as 60 to 80 grams of fiber daily, less than 15 percent of the population are overweight. But the measly 15 grams a day eaten in more modern societies like the United States have contributed to the obesity of nearly 60 percent of adults.

If you're one of them, you'll need to change your diet to include more fruits and vegetables because most fiber comes from plants. You'll find it in whole-grain foods, legumes, leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, root vegetables and their skins, and bran flakes. Besides allowing you more food on your plate, this important diet aid works on several levels to keep you trim.

Offers more food per calorie. One of the best things about fiber is that some of its calories don't count. That's because much of dietary fiber can't be digested. But fiber still fills you up. Experts say eating a diet high in fiber can trick your stomach into feeling full with fewer calories than you would normally eat.

Prolongs your meal. Most people would agree that the pleasure of food lies in the eating. A high-fiber diet requires lots of chewing and swallowing, and it can take a good while to finish a meal. Unlike many diets that limit food, you won't have to give up the joy of eating when you add fiber to your diet. It might actually take you longer than usual to polish off a lower-calorie meal.

Bulks up in your stomach. Ever finish a small meal while dieting and still feel hunger pangs? That won't happen if you eat more fiber. Water-soluble fiber absorbs water from your stomach and forms a kind of gel that swells up. Nerve receptors in your stomach signal your brain that your stomach is full, and you no longer need to eat. By filling up on fiber, you can go about your business without constantly feeling hungry.

Keeps you satisfied longer. But that's not all fiber can do. The thick gel it forms slows down the movement of food out of your stomach, so you end up processing your food more slowly. Instead of a high-calorie blast of energy that is quickly followed by tiredness and hunger, your energy supply is spread out over time.

Stabilizes blood sugar. Experts say this process affects your blood sugar in a healthy way. When you eat dried beans, barley, whole wheat, or pumpernickel bread, these foods slowly release their sugars for energy. Instead of your body getting surges of sugar from food, it gets its energy in steady amounts, which helps control insulin levels. In addition, a high-fiber meal can affect your blood sugar's response to the next meal you eat, keeping your blood sugar more stable throughout the day.

Boosts your hormones. You may not know it, but you have hormones working in your gastrointestinal tract. One in particular, called GLP-1, slows down the digestion process and gives you a sense of fullness. It can also help you lose weight. Studies on animals showed that eating fermentable fiber - the kind in fruits and vegetables - boosted their levels of GLP-1.

Blocks some calories. Dietary fiber can block the absorption of some of the fat and protein you eat. If you're overweight, that could be a good thing. One study showed that a group of people fed a diet containing only 20 grams of fiber a day absorbed 8 percent more calories than a group given 48 grams of fiber a day. For a typical 2,500-calorie diet, that's a difference of about 200 calories a day.

Just changing your fiber intake - without altering the number of calories you eat - could mean losing a couple of pounds a month. But be careful to add fiber to your diet slowly. Too much too soon can cause uncomfortable gas and bloating.

Don't be fooled by food labels

Food labels provide useful information if you're trying to improve your eating habits. In fact, a recent study found that reading food labels helps you trim the fat from ypour diet. But don't believe everything you read. A Consumer Reports feature recently pointed out a few labeling loopholes.

  • Hidden fiber content. If a breakfast cereal has no fiber, the manufacturer can include the phrase "Not a significant source of dietary fiber" below the rest of the nutrient information in smaller type. That way, you might not notice it.
  • Fat-free fibs. A food can claim to be "fat-free" if it has less than half a gram of fat per serving. That's why pretzels, which actually contain 1 or 2 grams of fat per cup, are considered a fat-free food.
  • Fuzzy math. Nutrient analyses can be off by as much as 20 percent. This allows for natural variations in food. But it also allows for some confusion. For example, a food that claims to have 200 calories can actually contain anywhere from 160 to 240 calories.

It's a good idea to read labels to help keep track of what you eat. Just remember that what you see is not always what you get.

Fitness: The key to good health

Here's some good news if you're over age 65. Losing a lot of pounds and exercising like an Olympian may not be necessary to stay healthy. Instead, all you need are a sensible, steady weight and moderate everyday activity. So take heart if you're on the upper end of the scale - by staying fit, you can help avoid the diseases of old age and still enjoy your golden years.

Disregard the BMI. Experts claim a healthy body mass index (BMI) ranges from 19 to 25. This measure reflects your weight in relation to your height and is calculated by multiplying your weight by 703, then dividing that number by your height in inches squared. Anything above 25 means you're overweight, and above 30, obese.

But lucky for you, scientists found these strict standards don't apply to adults over age 65. After looking at 13 studies on BMI and death rates, they discovered the risk of dying from heart disease and other causes does not go up with a BMI between 25 and 27. It's not until you cross that line that you have to be concerned. A BMI of 28 or above seems to increase your risk of death at any age.

That means it's fine to have a few extra pounds on you as you age. Since you've made it this far with them, your body can obviously handle the extra weight. Having a "nutritional reserve" may even help protect you from some conditions, such as osteoporosis.

Aim to keep fit. The important thing for your health is to stay in shape. According to surprising new research, obese people who are physically fit are less likely to die prematurely than skinny lay-abouts. That leads experts to believe fitness could be the key to good health - not weight loss. So look at exercise as a way you can stay healthy, not just a way to drop pounds. It's the only health care accessible to everyone - no prescription needed.

Shoot for the recommended 30 minutes of exercise almost every day of the week, but don't feel you need to do it in one lump sum. You can split up the 30 minutes, and spread exercise moments throughout your free time. And don't give up because you think you have no time for the gym, or tennis, or other typical exercises. Raking the leaves, cleaning up around the house, or gardening for 30 minutes counts, too, as does any activity that gets you perspiring and a little out of breath.

Stay moderately active. Moderate exercise is better for you than short bursts of heavy-duty activity, according to a recent study from Europe. In other words, 10 minutes of fast-paced running won't make up for 10 hours spent in front of the boob tube. But being moderately active all day long - instead of sitting in front of the television - can make a difference.

Living a couch potato's life, experts say, puts you at greater risk for a string of diseases, including arthritis, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease, and depression. According to some estimates, inactivity causes the deaths of 250,000 people a year in the United States alone. Experts have coined a new name for this condition marked by chronic inactivity - Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS). If you want to avoid SeDS, make it a point to stay active.

Add steps to your day. One way to turn your whole day into a workout is to take 10,000 steps. You probably do a lot of walking already without even thinking about it. The average adult takes 3,000 to 5,000 steps each day. If you punch that number up to 10,000, experts say, you'll get the equivalent of a steady 30-minute workout. Fitness experts in Japan first tried out the idea, and now it has caught on in America. Researchers at Stanford University and at the Cooper Institute in Dallas have researched it and agree that it seems to work.

You can reach 10,000 steps by literally counting every step you take. Rebecca Lindbergh of Health Partners, a managed care organization in Minnesota, coordinates a program in which peopleactually wear a pedometer to tally their walking. "We encourage them to wear the pedometer all day long," she says about her participants. "They use the pedometer and slip activity in throughout their day." For example, you can:

  • Park farther away at the mall.
  • Take the steps instead of the escalator or elevator.
  • Walk the golf course instead of taking a cart.
  • Spend your coffee break on a walk instead of standing around the water cooler.
  • March through your local mall, and browse every store that catches your fancy.
  • Walk while you're on the phone or during television commercial breaks.

With a pedometer, you begin to notice how these little changes add up to more and more steps. "Using a pedometer puts a little pizazz into walking," Lindbergh notes. "It's very eye-opening." If you would like to count 10,000 steps, you can find a pedometer at any sporting goods store. If you don't want to spring for one, just try to fit lots of steps into your day in as many ways as possible.

Walk with a purpose. When you want to progress from baby steps to serious walking, set aside a 30-minute block of time each day for a fitness walk. This shouldn't be a stroll in the park. You should shoot for a speed of two miles in 30 minutes. A good way to gauge your time is to chart out a two-mile course in your car using the odometer. Or go to a local track.

The most important thing to remember is that you must burn more calories than you take in if you want to lose weight. And if you're just trying to maintain your weight, you need to burn at least an equal amount. But it takes effort, so whatever you do, expect to be tired afterward. Knowing that you're protecting your health by staying fit will make it all worthwhile.

Change dangerous flab to tight, flat abs

A "spare tire" around your waistline is a definite problem. Unwanted fat, especially at your midsection, increases your risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and some cancers. A recent study finds it can lead to lung problems as well.

Naturally, you want to do something about it, but are gut-wrenching sit-ups the best way to get rid of a fat belly? Not according to Dr. Bryant Stamford, a professor of physiology at the University of Louisville, Kentucky. Writing in The Physician And Sportsmedicine, he points out there is no such thing as spot reduction. When you exercise, you don't necessarily burn fat from around the muscles you are using. If you want to get the most out of your abdominal workout, follow these tips.

Choose exercise that burns the most calories. The fat you burn when you exercise may come from anywhere on your body, so Stamford recommends doing the activities that use the most calories. He says you'd have to do hundreds of sit-ups to equal the calories you'd burn on a brisk walk or jog, for example.

Relax to stay trim. Exercise may be necessary for removing your potbelly, but reducing stress can help keep it off. For some reason, stress releases chemicals that cause fat to shift from other parts of your body to your waistline. Listening to music, talking things over with a friend or counselor, meditating, or doing yoga can help relieve stress. These practices also help you keep a positive attitude, which makes it easier to stick to your diet and exercise plan.

Tighten muscles for a sharper shape. Suck in your stomach when exercising, because a bouncing belly weakens the abdominal muscles. And don't forget to stretch your hamstrings. Strengthening these muscles on the back of your thighs helps prevent a swayback, which can make your stomach stick out even more.

Although they won't remove the fat, sit-ups can strengthen your abs, which protects your back as well. If full sit-ups seem too difficult, do just the second half, where you lower yourself down. Here's how:

  • Starting from a sitting position with hands at your sides, place your feet flat on the floor with your legs at a 90-degree angle. This way your abdominal muscles, not your legs and hips, will do the work.
  • Tense your belly and slowly - so your muscles work against gravity's downward pull - lower yourself until your back touches the floor.
  • Push yourself back up with your arms.

Repeat five times in the beginning, adding a few more each time you work out. To exercise your abdominal muscles a little harder, increase resistance by crossing your arms over your chest.

Jump-start your workout with honey

Get more out of your workout with a surprising pick-me-up. A recent study of competitive bicyclists showed that honey gives you as big an energy jolt as glucose, the sugar used in sports gels and energy bars. Both honey and glucose boosted the bike riders' leg power and cut the time it took them to finish their race. Honey, though, has the added advantage of being much cheaper.

See for yourself if this natural sweetener gives you the energy to make it through a tougher workout. Before starting, wash down a tablespoon of honey with a cup of water. Any time you need an extra boost of energy during your workout, do the same.

Try it after you exercise, too. A post-workout spoonful appears to help your muscles recuperate. That's because honey is a great source of carbohydrates, and your body needs them to replace the ones you burned.

Drop pounds with a powerful potion

What would you say if someone offered you a tonic that could not only help you lose weight, but would improve your digestion, cushion your joints, keep your skin from drying out, and help your body heal after surgery? It's hard to say no to an offer like that, especially when it's safe, free, and flowing right into your kitchen.

Water, this natural fountain of youth, has zero calories, so substituting it for high-calorie beverages gives you a clear advantage. But don't think filling up on water will make you eat less at dinner. A Penn State University study found the popular practice of drinking a glass of water before meals to feel full doesn't reduce hunger.

A bowl of soup, however, just may do the trick. Not only does it work better than a glass of water, researchers found eating chicken and rice soup curbed the appetite better than eating chicken and rice casserole with the same ingredients plus drinking a glass of water.

Furthermore, it's the amount of food, the researchers say, not the number of calories it contains, that gives you a feeling of being full. So those with high water content satisfy the appetite just as much as the more calorie-dense foods. A large pasta salad made with carrots and zucchini, for example, fills you up better than a smaller portion of pasta without the veggies, but with an equal number of calories.

Fresh fruit in salads; lettuce, tomato, and sprouts on a turkey breast sandwich; and extra vegetables and beans in chili are other appetizing ways to fill up without adding lots of calories. But don't stop drinking water as well. It does far more than help you lose weight, and if you're like most people, you don't drink enough.

Diuretics: Fast track to a heart attact

Taking diet pills may seem like a faster track to a slimmer figure than counting calories and exercising. But these medications can be dangerous, especially if you have heart problems, diabetes, or certain other diseases.

By the same token, don't be tempted to use diuretics, or water pills, to lose weight either. They can disturb your body's electrolyte balance and put you at risk of a heart attack. They are especially dangerous when combined with a low-protein diet, which can starve your heart muscle and disturb heart rhythms.

Using water pills when taking other medicines is also risky business. "People taking diuretics are particularly vulnerable to dehydration," says cardiologist Dr. David Calhoun, director of the University of Alabama Birmingham Hypertension Clinic.

"The combination of depleted fluid volume and medication," he warns, "can lead to problems such as dangerously low blood pressure, particularly for older patients who are sensitive to becoming dehydrated."

If you take medications, Calhoun says to be sure to drink at least the recommended six glasses of water each day - more when you exercise or spend a lot of time in the sun.

Startling secret to weight loss

A hidden cause of weight gain may make dropping 25 pounds as easy as giving up your favorite vegetables.

So says Rudy Rivera, M.D., who maintains food intolerances are to blame for many of the weight problems people suffer. In his book Your Hidden Food Allergies Are Making You Fat, co-authored by Roger D. Deutsch, he tells of his own struggle with being overweight. Once he identified his food culprits - among them, carrots, broccoli, and green beans - he says he finally slimmed down and felt healthy.

True food allergies cause immediate reactions such as hives or wheezing, and can be life-threatening. But when you're sensitive to a certain food, the reaction is not as obvious, Rivera says. It might not appear until hours or days later, and by then you wouldn't think of connecting it to something you ate. Even so, an allergic-type reaction is invading your body. Your white blood cells can swell and burst, irritating the other cells. The result? You may feel exhausted, have a migraine, or keep gaining weight.

Rivera believes a lot of obesity is linked to this food sensitivity cycle. He explains that after your body reacts to an offending food, it becomes low in serotonin - a feel-good chemical that has a calming effect on the brain. Because eating carbohydrates can raise serotonin levels, you find yourself craving things like sugary snacks. Even worse, you'll probably crave the very foods you're sensitive to.

But you can break the cycle by figuring out which foods your body can't process. You can try eliminating foods from your diet one at a time to see if you notice any improvement, but this can be difficult if you're sensitive to several foods. Rivera recommends the ALCAT test, a blood test for food intolerances. Along with identifying your problem foods, it tests for sensitivity to molds, chemicals such as preservatives, and food dyes. Rivera says once he stopped eating his trigger foods, he easily lost 25 pounds in a couple of months.

But you have to stay away from your problem foods for at least three months, he says. After that, you can eat small amounts of the food again, but only occasionally. To avoid reactions, you should rotate foods so you never eat any food more than once every four days, he notes.

Your insurance company should pay for the ALCAT test if your doctor orders it, but check first. Some experts believe these types of allergy tests are not effective. If your doctor won't order it, the company that designed the test can refer you to another doctor, or you can do it at home. For more information, go to the Web site http://www.alcat.com/ or contact: AMTL Corp., One Oakwood Blvd., Suite 130, Hollywood, FL33020, 800-881-2685.

Trim the fat in Greek restaurants

Nutritionists have long touted the Mediterranean diet as a super meal plan that leads to a long and healthy life. But before you book nightly reservations at your local Greek restaurant, you should know the food they serve is not nearly as healthy as the food cooked in the old country. In fact, a recent survey shows it's loaded with heart-clogging, waist-thickening fat.

The true Greek diet consists of many fruits, vegetables, grains, and some olive oil. They only eat red meat a few times a month, and poultry and fish a few times a week. And saturated fat usually accounts for no more than 8 percent of calories. But in greek restaurants, those healthy ideas have been turned upside down. researchers found huge amounts of saturated fat in most of the main dishes, and much more meat than the Mediterranean diet calls for.

Nutrition experts say you should eat no more than 65 grams of fat a day, including less than 20 grams of saturated fat, for a 2,000-calorie-a-day diet. But even 20 grams of saturated fat is probably too much if you want to protect your arteries and heart. How can you eat Greek food and be heart healthy? Follow these guidelines to reap the benefits of a Mediterranean diet without the pitfalls.

Skip the sandwich. The average restaurant gyro - a pita bread sandwich filled with meat, raw vegetables, sometimes feta cheese, and a cucumber sauce - weighs in with 760 calories and 44 grams of total fat. Of those, nearly half are saturated - the kind of artery-blocking fat you should avoid like the plaque. Don't be fooled into thinking this sandwich is traditional Mediterranean fare. The gyro hasn't been around very long, and anyone who eats these regularly probably won't be either.

Savor souvlaki. Happily, there are a few healthy choices on the menu. Souvlaki, which you may know as shish kebob, is a winner with its small amount of meat and hefty serving of vegetables on a skewer. An average serving of chicken souvlaki has only 260 calories with 8 grams of fat - only two of them saturated. The beef and lamb souvlaki are a bit higher on the fat scale but still within a healthy range.

Sideline the toppings. Even if you decide to play it safe and order a Greek salad, you're not out of the heart danger zone. Researchers found the average Greek salad has about 390 calories, 12 grams of saturated fat, and a total of 30 grams of fat. For a healthier salad, ask for the oil dressing and feta cheese on the side. That way, you can add just a tablespoon or two for flavor and keep from drowning in fat.

Split servings. Moussaka, a popular ground beef and eggplant casserole, chalks up a whopping 830 calories and 48 grams of fat. Again, roughly half the fat is saturated. Since Greek restaurants often serve huge portions, why not take advantage of that with a spouse or friend? Order one entree and share it to cut 50 percent of the fat. Ask for extra vegetables as a side order. Or you can cut the meal in two when it arrives at your table, and eat only half of it. Ask for a to-go box, and warm up your leftovers for an enjoyable lunch the next day.

Splurge on dessert. The famous Greek dessert baklava, which is a flaky, honey and nut pastry, is not nearly as rich as many other desserts. A typical serving of baklava has 550 calories and 21 grams of fat, including five that are saturated. A lemon ice would be better, but baklava still beats apple pie with its 28 grams of fat, a fudge brownie sundae with 57 grams of fat, and the biggest dessert criminal - cheesecake - with 49 grams of fat, 31 of them saturated. Even so, researchers suggest you play it safe and share your baklava with a friend.

Stay super healthy with 50 top nutrition tips

  • Put spinach on your sandwich instead of lettuce. A recent study found most people couldn't tell the difference, and spinach is much more nutritious.
  • Eat your garnish. Restaurants often pretty up your plate with parsley or kale. Instead of admiring these nutritional powerhouses, eat them.
  • Toss some blueberries in your morning cereal, muffin or pancake mix, or even in a bowl of ice cream.
  • Instead of mayonnaise, butter, or cream cheese, try using mashed avocado as a spread.
  • Use olive oil or canola oil instead of animal oils or other vegetable oils.
  • Invest in a good set of nonstick cookware. You'll be able to use less fat when cooking.
  • Use legumes (beans and peas) in soups and casseroles, and cut back on meat.
  • Choose lean cuts of meat, and trim as much excess fat away as you can before cooking.
  • Don't smother your baked potato with butter or sour cream. Instead, try topping it with salsa or even low-fat chili.
  • Saute vegetables in wine or broth instead of butter or oil.
  • Add mashed avocado or pumpkin to mashed potatoes for a little extra nutrition. Use about one-fourth to one-half cup for every two cups of potatoes.
  • Heat enhances the sweet taste of food, so if you serve sweet foods warm, you may be able to add less sugar.
  • Yogurt "cheese" is a good substitute for sour cream. Line a strainer or funnel with cheesecloth or a paper coffee filter. Add plain yogurt and let it drain into a bowl overnight in the refrigerator. Simply discard the liquid, and you're ready to use the yogurt in your favorite recipe.
  • If you chill soups and stews, most of the fat will solidify on top. Skim off the solid fat, and then heat and eat.
  • Choose fruits and vegetables with the darkest colors to get the most vitamin C.
  • Order your pizza with lots of veggies, and blot with a paper towel to absorb any excess grease.
  • Add shredded apple to a peanut butter or grilled cheese sandwich.
  • At your next cookout, add vegetables to the grill. Throw some asparagus spears on, or skewer chunks of onion, green pepper, tomatoes, and mushrooms.
  • Grill a tropical kabob with chunks of pineapple, papaya, and ham.
  • Bake a banana. Put a whole. ripe banana on a cookie sheet. Bake for 20 minutes at 350 degrees. Split the skin and sprinkle with nutmeg or cinnamon.
  • Stuff bell peppers with cooked rice or pasta and tomato sauce. Cook in a muffin tin to help the peppers hold their shape.
  • For salsa with a surprising sweet twist, mix chopped kiwifruit or papaya with tomatoes, green onions, and cilantro.
  • Puree mangoes and use as a sauce for grilled chicken, pork, or fish.
  • Make a yummy and attractive breakfast parfait. Layer low-fat yogurt, granola cereal, and fruit such as peaches, or pineapple in a parfait glass.
  • Canned fruit is nutritious, but make sure you buy the kind packed in its own juice - not in calorie-laden syrup.
  • Don't skip breakfast. If you're in a hurry, grab an apple, a bagel, or a banana.
  • Bake your own bread, and add dried fruits, vegetables, or seeds for more taste and nutrition.
  • Look for 100-percent fruit juice. Other fruit drinks usually contain more sugar than nutrition.
  • Eat broth-based soups - they are far lower in fat than cream-based alternatives.
  • Serve meat or poultry with cranberry sauce, salsa, or chutney, and skip the gravy.
  • Don't let dining out become an excuse for pigging out. Most restaurants serve unnecessary large portions. Split an entree with someone else, or just eat half and ask for a doggie bag.
  • Don't be fooled by fat-free foods. Many of them are still high in calories. Read labels carefully.
  • When you just have to eat cake, try angel food cake topped with fresh fruit.
  • popcorn can be a high-fiber, low-calorie snack if you don't drench it in butter. If you don't like air-popped corn, try using a small amount of olive oil for a delicious healthy flavor.
  • Nuts tend to be high in fat, but they also get high marks for nutrition, so include them in your diet. Just don't overdo it.
  • Focus on your food. You'll eat less and enjoy your food more if you don't eat while working, watching television, or driving.
  • Add brown or wild rice to casseroles and soups for more fiber and nutrition.
  • Substitute mungbean paste for some of the butter in peanut butter cookies to lower fat and increase fiber.
  • If you are bored with bananas but want the potassium, try something more exotic - like kiwifruit or mangoes.
  • Microwave your vegetables to retain more of their vitamins and minerals.
  • Toss steamed veggies with whole-wheat pasta to add more fiber to your diet.
  • Grill fish by wrapping in foil with a little lemon juice and herbs.
  • Blend up a fast, nutritious shake with low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt, ice cubes, and your favorite fruit.
  • Bypass self-basting turkeys, which are injected with fat to make them moist. Baste your turkey with broth instead.
  • Substitute unsweetened applesauce for up to half the butter or oil called for in your baking recipes.
  • Sprinkle flaxseed on soups, salads, and hot or cold cereals.
  • When dining out, always ask for sauces and salad dressings on the side, and then use them sparingly.
  • Broil, bake, grill, steam, or poach meats and vegetables instead of frying or boiling them. You'll lower fat and retain nutrients.
  • Replace the cream in your recipe with low-fat sour cream or low-fat evaporated milk.
  • For more lycopene, choose sun-dried tomatoes over the fresh variety. Those packed in oil are best at helping your body absorb this cancer-fighting nutrient.